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This paper provides new insight into the poverty, malnutrition and vulnerability issues in Mali, using existing household survey data. First, it presents a profile of households that are poor, "food poor," or have malnourished children. Second, it explores the impact of recent weather and price shocks on household welfare and identifies those affected most by the shocks. Finally, it estimates vulnerability to poverty by modeling both households' expected consumption and their consumption volatility, and by distinguishing between idiosyncratic and covariate risks. The basic results of the analysis match conventional knowledge about poverty, food poverty, and malnutrition. The prevalence of chronic malnutrition is high in Mali, with 44 percent of Malian households and 66 percent of food poor Malian households having at least one stunted child. A 25 percent increase in cereal prices and a 25 percent decrease in cereal production are estimated to increase the number of food poor by 610,000 people. An estimated USD 5.4 million of extra aid per year will be needed to lift the newly food poor above the food poverty line. About USD 182 million is needed to do this for all existing and new food poor. Vulnerability incidence is in general two to three times higher among the poor than the non-poor, except in urban areas and in the region of Sikasso where the vulnerability incidence is five to six times higher among the poor. Overall, vulnerability is mostly driven by poverty induced vulnerability, except in the capital, Bamako, where vulnerability is more driven by risk induced vulnerability.

Food & Beverage Industry --- Impact of shocks --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Malnutrition --- Poverty --- Poverty Lines --- Poverty Reduction --- Regional Economic Development --- Rural Poverty Reduction --- Vulnerability --- Mali

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This paper reviews both current practices and common challenges of measuring the causes, functioning, and consequences of violent conflict at the micro-level. The authors review existing conflict- and violence-related survey questionnaires, with a particular focus on the World Bank's Living Standard Measurement Surveys. Further, they discuss methodological challenges associated with empirical work in conflict-affected areas-such as operationalizing a definition of conflict, using the appropriate units of analysis, deciding on the timing of the survey, dealing with data biases and conducting surveys in an ethically sound manner-and propose ways to improve the usefulness of existing surveys to analyze conflict processes at the micro-level. Violent conflict, households, survey methods, questionnaire design.

Abuse. --- Access to Markets. --- Access to Services. --- Armed Conflict. --- Atrocities. --- Basic Needs. --- Bombing. --- Causes of Displacement. --- Child Mortality. --- Civil War. --- Civilian Populations. --- Combatants. --- Conflict and Development. --- Conflict Research. --- Conflict Resolution. --- Conflict. --- Conflicts. --- Constraints. --- Consultant. --- Contract. --- Crises. --- Death. --- Demobilization. --- Democracy. --- Developing Countries. --- Disarmament. --- Economic Development. --- Economic Growth. --- Economies. --- Ethnic Group. --- Evelopment Aid. --- Evelopment Policy. --- Ex-Combatant. --- Excess Mortality. --- Exposure to Violence. --- Extreme Poverty. --- Fertility. --- Fighting. --- Food Consumption. --- Food Policy. --- Foundations. --- Genocide. --- Guerrilla. --- Health Problems. --- Health, Nutrition and Population. --- Household Emographics. --- Household Heads. --- Household Survey. --- Household Welfare. --- Human Capital. --- Human Welfare. --- Hunger Insurance. --- Illness. --- Impact of Conflict. --- Impact of Shocks. --- Income. --- Inequality. --- Insurance. --- International Bank. --- International Committee. --- International Cooperation. --- Knowledge. --- Labor Market. --- Labor Supply. --- Lack of Infrastructure. --- Life Events. --- Living Standards. --- Local Conflict. --- Malnutrition. --- Measures. --- Migration. --- Military Service. --- Mortality Levels. --- Mortality. --- Nations. --- Needs Assessments. --- Negotiations. --- Number of Deaths. --- Nutrition. --- Observer. --- Peace Research. --- Peace. --- Peacebuilding. --- Peacekeeping. --- Polarization. --- Policy Iscussions. --- Policy Makers. --- Policy Research Working Paper. --- Policy Research. --- Policy. --- Political Constraints. --- Political Instability. --- Political Participation. --- Political Violence. --- Politics. --- Poor Households. --- Poor. --- Population Fund. --- Population Groups. --- Population Policies. --- Population. --- Post Conflict Reconstruction. --- Post-Conflict Reconstruction. --- Poverty Dynamics. --- Poverty Estimates. --- Poverty Reduction. --- Poverty. --- Primary School. --- Progress. --- Publications. --- Rape. --- Rebel. --- Reconstruction. --- Refugee Camps. --- Refugee. --- Revolutions. --- Right-Wing. --- Risks. --- Roads. --- Rural Households. --- Rural Poverty Reduction. --- Rural Roads. --- Rural. --- Sexual Abuse. --- Social Action. --- Social Conflict and Violence. --- Social Development. --- Social Science. --- Social Security. --- Soldiers. --- Substance Abuse. --- Terrorism. --- Training. --- Transfers. --- Trauma. --- Trust. --- Unemployment. --- United Nations Population Fund. --- University. --- Victims. --- Village Leaders. --- Violence. --- Violent Conflict. --- Violent Experiences. --- Vulnerability. --- Vulnerable Groups. --- War. --- Warfare. --- World Evelopment.